VAT Inclusive and Exclusive Calculator
Add or extract an entered percentage tax across item amounts and inspect net, tax and gross totals with per-line rounding.
YOUR CALCULATION
Result
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Calculation steps
Work through one step at a time or reveal the complete calculation. The steps use your current inputs.
How to calculate
Apply or extract the entered rate on each line, round line tax to cents and sum the resulting net, tax and gross amounts.
Exclusive: tax=net×r; inclusive: tax=gross×r/(1+r)
Worked example
Net items of 100 and 50 with an entered 20% rate give tax of 30 and gross of 180. Gross of 180 at 20% contains net of 150 and tax of 30.
Assumptions and input details
1–50 items in one currency with two decimal places. Rates are user inputs, not a jurisdictional default or a determination of eligibility. Line tax uses nearest rounding with positive halves upward. Per-line rounding can differ from rounding total tax once. Exemptions, compound taxes, discounts, returns and invoice-specific rules are outside this arithmetic model.
References: GOV.UK: adding and extracting VAT arithmetic
Using this calculator
Can I enter my own problem?
Yes. Replace the example values with your own inputs. The result, calculation steps, tables and applicable diagrams update from those inputs. Blank or invalid values clear the result; example values are never silently substituted for missing inputs.
Are the results exact?
Results use floating-point arithmetic and displayed rounding. Read the formula, assumptions and any stated data precision before interpreting the result.
Is my input uploaded?
The calculation runs in your browser. No account, file upload or external AI service is required. Inputs are not saved between page reloads.
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